The DINAMIC project investigates the interplay between diet, the gut microbiota, and the host in the context of cardiometabolic health. Using state-of-the-art prospective human cohorts, microbiota profiling allows the consortium to identify specific features associated with disease states. Clinical trials based on dietary interventions and fecal microbiota transplantation were designed and are being performed to test causal roles and targeted manipulations of the microbiome under controlled conditions. Mechanistic interactions within the microbiome are further investigated in vitro using continuous culture systems. Meta-omics technologies are employed, aiming at the harmonization or results and the establishment of models towards prediction of detrimental and favourable gut environments with respect to cardiometabolic health. Hence, the expected impact of DINAMIC is to bring light into diet-microbiome interactions for improvement of metabolic conditions, which will contribute to the establishment of appropriate dietary recommendations.